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The Decameron — (translated from Greek as “ten days”, “ten-day story”) — is a famous collection of one hundred short stories by the outstanding Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio. According to the plot, ten young Florentines (seven women and three men) leave a plague-ridden city, settle in a country villa and for ten days tell interesting and instructive stories (a hundred in total), which widely reproduce various everyday life. Each story has a complete plot, and together they create a kind of encyclopedia of human relationships. Boccaccio creatively processed urban anecdotes, ancient plots and even Arab tales. Manuscripts of the book began to be distributed in the 1370s, and in the 16th century the first 200 copies were printed. Boccaccio initiated the genre of the short story in new European literature. Short stories with erotic content existed in Antiquity, but it was in The Decameron that the genre acquired new features—satire and humor. The Decameron is the first literary prose work written in the colloquial Tuscan language.